山地果园3种省力化耕作生态复合经营模式与评价

省力化耕作是现代化农业的一项重要制度，考虑农村劳动力不断减少的实际和林业作为生态建设主体的需要，经过试验和调查研究提出了可在山地果园推行的生草栽培、林地套种和覆盖3种生态化、省力化耕作模式，并从经济、生态和社会效益3个方面对其进行了评价。     

保安处分与劳动教养制度的比较研究

劳动教养制度是一项具有中国特色的法律制度，它既有创新之处，又与世界上己经存在并且通行的保安处分有相似之处，本文对二者进行分析对比，以期对完善我国劳动教养制度有所裨益。     

当前农村剩余劳动力就业存在的问题及立法完善

目前我国农村剩余劳动力就业存在着许多问题。这些问题已引发了不少社会矛盾和纠纷。解决好农村剩余劳动力就业问题,对于我国改革发展稳定的全局和顺利推进工业化、城镇化、现代化都具有重大意义。而要切实解决农村剩余劳动力就业问题,就必须从体制改革和制度创新人手,不断加强农村剩余劳动力就业法律制度建设．建立和完善农村剩余劳动力就业法律机制,把农村剩余劳动力就业落实到法治层面上。     

Traditional Mobile Pastoralism in a Contemporary Semiarid Rangeland in Namaqualand,South Africa

Pastoral systems are regarded as complex social-ecological systems with components that interact and change over a range of spatial and temporal scales. As such, herd mobility has traditionally been used to respond to the dynamic nature of these systems. However, mobile pastoral systems around the world are becoming more constrained and increasingly fragmented with important implications for herd mobility. This study assessed the spatial distribution of 256 herds and their mobility patterns over a decade in the 10 villages that comprise the spatially constrained Leliefontein pastoral area in South Africa. We developed a hierarchical model of rangeland use, which showed that several stratified and connected socioeconomic, climatic, and environmental factors determined the spatial and temporal use of grazing areas in this 192 000-ha semiarid environment. At the highest level of use, access to the Leliefontein pastoral area is formally regulated. At the next level, the place of residence of herd owners largely defined which village commons was used by their livestock. At the third level of rangeland use, the wealth status of owners determined where in relation to human settlements their herds were located. At the lowest level in the hierarchy, the locations of water and croplands delineated seasonal grazing areas and the movement of stockposts. These stratified factors, together with the overall variability in grazing resource availability and the different decision making processes involved, resulted in high flexibility and diversity of herd mobility patterns at the lowest level of rangeland use. This, in turn, ensured heterogeneity in resource use over a range of spatial and temporal scales. It was concluded that policies should embrace the complexity of the pastoral system and enable the adaptive management of herds. This could reduce the level of vulnerability experienced by pastoralists to climate variability and wider societal change.     

Curcumin reduces neuroinflammation stimulated by Aβ25-35 in primary rat microglial cells

AIM: To investigate the effects of curcumin (Cur) on the expression of High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced primary rat microglial cells. METHODS: Microglia were derived from the cerebral cortices of postnatal rat brains. The cells were identified by immunocytochemistry using mouse anti rat Iba-1 monoclonal antibody. A cell model using primary rat microglial cells incubated with Aβ_25-35 as an inflammation model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was set up. The morphological characters of primary rat microglial cells were observed. The concentration of Aβ_25-35 and the treatment concentration of curcumin were selected by CCK-8 assay. Cultured primary rat microglial cells were divided into 5 groups:normal cell group, Aβ_25-35 group, Cur group, Aβ_25-35+Cur group and Aβ_25-35+DMSO group. The expression of HMGB1, NF-κB, and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) was detected by Western blot. The levels of HMGB1, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The purity of primary microglias determined by Iba-1 immunofluorescence was more than 95%. The protein levels of HMGB1, RAGE and NF-κB were significantly increased after Aβ_25-35 stimulation. After treatment with Cur, the protein levels of HMGB1, RAGE and NF-κB were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of HMGB1, IL-1β and TNF-α in the supernatant were significantly increased after Aβ_25-35 stimulation. Cur significantly decreased the level of HMGB1, IL-1β and TNF-α in the supernatant. CONCLUSION: Curcumin significantly inhibits neuroinflammation stimulated by Aβ_25-35 in primary rat microglial cells.     

聚丁二炔晶体中的光生载流子及光导

以聚丁－２，４－已二炔－１，６－二醇酯ｏｆ，２，４－ｈｅｘａｄｉｙｎｅ－６－ｄｉｏｌ，缩写为ＰＤＡ－ＴＳ为例，研究了聚丁二炔单昌中的光生载流子及光导；在分析了双分子成对复合的Ｏｎｓａｇｅｒ模型的局限性之后，提出了一个新的载流子光产生模型，并用它首次解释了稳态光电流Ｉｐｈ对入射光子能量ｇω的依赖关系。     

Amendment of drilling fluid-affected soils with calcium salts

Land disposal of waste drilling fluid is an environmental concern because of the high salt content and the presence of potential toxic elements. A water-based drilling fluid was tested in a laboratory column study to determine the feasibility of leaching excessive salt without mobilizing chromium (Cr). The drilling fluid-affected two Alfisols with similar mineralogy, acidity, and texture were treated with gypsum (CaSO₄ · 2H₂O), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), or calcium phosphate (CaHPO₄) (0 to 2% of weight). The electrical conductivity (EC) increased and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) decreased with increasing Ca-salt concentration. The pH did not vary significantly with the changes in the concentrations of gypsum and calcium phosphate. The pH of the mixtures increased in proportion to the concentration of added calcium carbonate. The hydraulic conductivity increased and the mobility of the soil particles decreased with increasing Ca-salt concentration. The Cr mobility decreased by gypsum and CaCO₃ treatments but it increased by calcium phosphate treatment. The soil with a higher content of organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC) showed a higher hydraulic conductivity and lower Cr mobility than the other soils at the same levels of the treatment. The results of this study suggest that the amendment of drilling fluid-affected soils with CaCO₃ and gypsum can enhance the leaching of excessive salt and reduce the Cr mobility. Among loamy soil, those with a higher CEC and organic matter content are more suitable for land disposal of drilling fluid.     

Mobility of Iron and Manganese within Two Citrus Genotypes after Foliar Applications of Iron Sulfate and Manganese Sulfate

Seedlings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis L. cv. Washington navel x Poncirus trifoliata)] were grown in plastic pots containing a sand: perlite mixture and watered with a modified Hoagland No 2 nutrient solution throughout the experiment. Three-months-old plants were divided in three groups and sprayed with 0.018 M iron sulfate (FeSO₄ ^.7H₂O), 0.018 M manganese sulfate (MnSO₄ ^.H₂O), or deionized water. Two months later, plants were harvested and divided into top leaves that grown after the treatments, basal leaves that existed prior to the treatments, stems that partially came in contact with the spray, and roots. The manganese (Mn) spray resulted in a significant increase of Mn concentrations in top leaves, basal leaves, stems and roots of sour orange, and in top leaves, basal leaves, and stems of Carrizo citrange. The iron (Fe) spray significantly increased the concentrations of Fe in the stems and basal leaves of both genotypes. For both genotypes, transport of Mn from basal (sprayed) leaves to top (unsprayed) ones was found. However, the results of this experiment did not give any evidence neither for Mn translocation from sprayed tissues to roots nor for Fe transport from sprayed tissues to unsprayed ones (top leaves, roots). Mn and Fe were found to be relatively mobile and strictly immobile nutrients, respectively, within citrus plants after their foliar application as sulfate salts.     

外向型生产企业“用工荒”问题对高职人才培养模式的启示

随着产业结构的发展变化,我国企业用工方面的结构性矛盾也逐渐突出,一方面是企业所需的技工和一线普工出现短缺,存在"用工荒"的现象,另一方面是数量越来越庞大的毕业即失业的大学生群体就业难问题的存在。该文在分析外向型生产企业的用工荒及高职院校学生就业难问题的基础上,从就业导向的角度,针对性地提出高职院校人才培养模式改革的若干思考。